Constructor Overloading

 In C++, a class can have multiple constructors, and each constructor can be used to initialize an object in different ways. This feature is known as constructor overloading. You can define constructors with different parameter lists to provide flexibility in object creation. Here's an example demonstrating multiple constructors in a class:

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

class Person {

public:

    // Default constructor

    Person() {

        name = "Unknown";

        age = 0;

    }

    // Parameterized constructor

    Person(const std::string& n, int a) {

        name = n;

        age = a;

    }

    // Another parameterized constructor with a default value

    Person(const std::string& n, int a, const std::string& occ = "Unemployed") {

        name = n;

        age = a;

        occupation = occ;

    }

    // Display information about the person

    void displayInfo() {

        std::cout << "Name: " << name << ", Age: " << age << ", Occupation: " << occupation << std::endl;

    }

private:

    std::string name;

    int age;

    std::string occupation;

};

int main() {

    // Using different constructors

    Person person1; // Default constructor

    Person person2("John", 25); // Parameterized constructor

    Person person3("Jane", 30, "Software Engineer"); // Another parameterized constructor

    // Displaying information about the persons

    person1.displayInfo();

    person2.displayInfo();

    person3.displayInfo();

    return 0;

}

In this example, the `Person` class has three constructors:

1. The default constructor initializes the object with default values ("Unknown" for name and 0 for age).

2. The parameterized constructor takes a name and age to initialize the object.

3. Another parameterized constructor takes a name, age, and occupation, with the occupation having a default value of "Unemployed".

This allows you to create `Person` objects using different constructors based on your needs. Constructor overloading is a powerful feature that enhances the flexibility and usability of your classes.