In C++, you define member functions and data members within the body of a class. Here's an example demonstrating how to define both member functions and data members:


//cpp

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

// Class declaration

class Student {

        private: // Access specifier

        // Data members (member variables)

        string name;

        int age;

        double gpa;

        public: // Access specifier

        // Member functions (methods)

        // Constructor - initializes data members

        Student(string n, int a, double g) : name(n), age(a), gpa(g) {}

        // Setter functions - modify data members

        void setName(string n) {

                name = n;

        }

        void setAge(int a) {

                age = a;

        }

        void setGPA(double g) {

                gpa = g;

        }

        // Getter functions - access data members

        string getName() const {

                return name;

        }

        int getAge() const {

                return age;

        }

        double getGPA() const {

                return gpa;

        }

        // Member function to display student information

        void displayInfo() const {

                cout << "Name: " << name << ", Age: " << age << ", GPA: " << gpa << endl;

        }

};


int main() {

    // Creating an object of the class and initializing it using the constructor

    Student student1("Alice", 20, 3.75);

    // Accessing data members and calling member functions

    student1.displayInfo();

    // Modifying data members using setter functions

    student1.setAge(21);

    student1.setGPA(3.9);

    // Accessing modified data members using getter functions

    cout << "Updated Age: " << student1.getAge() << ", Updated GPA: " << student1.getGPA() << endl;

    return 0;

}


In this example:

- The `Student` class has private data members (`name`, `age`, `gpa`) and public member functions (`setName`, `setAge`, `setGPA`, `getName`, `getAge`, `getGPA`, `displayInfo`).

- The constructor `Student(string n, int a, double g)` initializes the data members when an object is created.

- Setter functions (`setName`, `setAge`, `setGPA`) modify the values of data members.

- Getter functions (`getName`, `getAge`, `getGPA`) retrieve the values of data members.

- The `displayInfo` member function prints the student information.


This class helps in encapsulating data and behavior within a class, providing a way to manage and manipulate objects of that class.

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