In C++, member functions within a class can take different forms based on their purpose and how they interact with the class and its objects. Here are some common forms of member functions:
1. Accessor Functions (Getters):
- Purpose: Retrieve the value of a private member variable.
- Example:
```cpp
class MyClass {
private:
int myValue;
public:
int getValue() const {
return myValue;
}
};
```
2. Mutator Functions (Setters):
- Purpose: Modify the value of a private member variable.
- Example:
```cpp
class MyClass {
private:
int myValue;
public:
void setValue(int newValue) {
myValue = newValue;
}
};
```
3. Member Functions with Parameters:
- Purpose: Perform an operation that requires additional input.
- Example:
```cpp
class Calculator {
public:
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
};
```
4. Member Functions with Return Values:
- Purpose: Return a computed result.
- Example:
```cpp
class Circle {
private:
double radius;
public:
double calculateArea() const {
return 3.14 * radius * radius;
}
};
```
5. Constructor Functions:
- Purpose: Initialize the object's state when it is created.
- Example:
```cpp
class Student {
private:
string name;
int age;
public:
Student(string n, int a) : name(n), age(a) {}
};
```
6. Destructor Functions:
- Purpose: Clean up resources when an object is destroyed.
- Example:
```cpp
class ResourceHolder {
private:
int* resource;
public:
ResourceHolder() : resource(new int) {}
~ResourceHolder() {
delete resource;
}
};
```
7. Static Member Functions:
- Purpose: Associated with the class rather than instances, can be called without an object.
- Example:
```cpp
class MathUtility {
public:
static int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
};
```
8. Const Member Functions:
- Purpose: Indicates that the function does not modify the object's state.
- Example:
```cpp
class MyClass {
private:
int myValue;
public:
int getValue() const {
return myValue;
}
};
```
These different forms allow you to encapsulate functionality, control access to data, and define how objects of a class interact with each other. Choose the appropriate form based on the requirements of your class and the behavior you want to achieve.
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